The Mechanical engineering, is playing a vital role in today's Technology.
It Assist you to done things with ease, and also it brings the helpful technologies to modernize our society.
So keeping these things in mind, Lets learn about the What is beam? Types of beams and types of loading.
What is beam?
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| Beam |
The beam is horizontal structure that are used to carry vertical load share load and sometimes the horizontal load.
In some major component of structures. And it is mainly used for construction of bridges, structures, trusses and frames etc.
The beam defined as horizontal structure and that undergoes a lateral vertical load which tends to bend or bending stress is called as beam.
The beam consists of shear force and bending moments.
The purpose of beam is to withstanding load by resisting its bending forces.
Types of beam:-
1. According to the end support condition:
1. Simply supported beam:-
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| Simply supported beam |
A beam that having supports at its both the ends is called as simply supported beam.
There is no moment at the supports.
One end maybe hinged support and other end may be a roller of support and that supports allowing to the horizontal momentum of The beam.
Simply supported beam consisting stress and bending moments both.
This beam also called movable hinged support or simply support or roller support beam.
2. Cantilever beam:-
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| Cantilever beam |
A beam having one end is free and other end is fixed is called as cantilever beam.
This beam are used in bridges trusses etc.
The cantilever beam carrying a load over its entire span that undergoes shear stress and bending moments both.
The shear Force diagram for cantilever beam is a rectangle.
The bending moment diagram for cantilever beam is inclined line for linear.
In cantilever beam neither rotation not translation is possible.
3. Continuous beam:-
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| Continuous beam |
A beam that supported by one or more than two supports is called as continuous beam.
A continuous beam is a similar to simply supported beam except more than two supports are you in a continuous beam.
The continuous beam is used for bridges when the length of the bridge is too large.
One end of continuous beam is simply supported and other end a roller or maybe hinged support.
4. Overhanging beam:-
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| Overhanging beam |
The overhanging mean is going to be combination of simply supported beam and cantilever beam.
The overhanging beam having end is extended beyond the supports.
A over hanging beam, over hanging maybe one side ending or may be hanging on both sides.
5. Fixed beam:-
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| Fixed beam |
A beam having both ends are fixed that beam is called as fixed beam.
Fixed does not allow vertical movement and also rotation of The beam.
Fixed beam goes only under shear stress there is no moment produced in the beam.
It is used in structure and trusses.
Both end of the beam are rigidly fixed with their supports.
2. According to the cross section of the beam:-
1. I cross sectional area beam:-
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| I cross sectional beam |
If the beam having I cross section area then called as I beam.
I section beam having higher resistance of bending.
The Cross section area of I beam shown in figure.
2. T cross sectional area type beam:-
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| T cross sectional beam |
If the beam having T cross section area then called as T cross sectional area type beam.
The T cross sectional area of beam shown in figure.
3. U cross sectional area type beam:-
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| U cross sectional beam |
If the beam having U cross section area then called as u cross sectional area type beam.
The U cross sectional area of beam showing figure.
4. L shaped cross sectional area type beam:-
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| L cross sectional beam |
If the beam having L cross section area then called as L cross sectional area type beam.
The L shaped cross sectional area type of beam are shown in figure.
5. Rectangle Cross sectional area type beam:-
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| Rectangle Cross sectional beam |
If the beam having rectangle cross section area then called as rectangle Cross sectional area type beam.
The rectangle cross-sectional area type of beam shown in figure.
6. Circular cross sectional area type beam:-
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| Circular cross sectional beam |
If the beam having circular cross section area then called as circular cross sectional area type beam.
The circular cross-sectional area type of view shown in figure.
7. Box cross sectional area type beam:-
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| Box cross sectional beam |
If the beam having box cross section area then called as box cross sectional area type beam.
The box the cross-sectional area type beam are shown in figure.
8. Pipe cross sectional area type beam:-
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| Pipe cross sectional beam |
If the beam having hollow pipe cross section area then called as pipe cross sectional area type beam.
The pipe cross sectional area type beam are shown in figure.
3. According to geometry of beam:-
- Straight beam
- Curved shaped beam
- Taper beam
4. According to equilibrium condition of beam:-
- Statically determinate beam
- Statically indeterminate beam
Types of loading in beam:-
1. Concentrated load or point load
The load acting at a point of a beam is called as concentrated or point load.
All type of beam having this type of load.
This load act on a small distance of beam.
2. Uniformly distributed load (UDL)
A Load which is spread over a beam in such a manner that each unit length is loaded to the same extent is called as uniformly distributed load. That is UDL.
It is denoted by q or w
3. Uniformly varying load (UVL)
A load which is spread over a beam, like it varies uniformly on each unit length, is called as uniformly varying load. That is UVL.
Sometimes the load equal to 0 at one end and increases uniformly to the other end.
Such a load is known as triangular load.
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